DAC, streamer, amplifier: what each part of a hi-fi system does
Hi-fi has its own language. It is easier than it sounds.
A system is a chain that takes music from a source and turns it into sound in your room. Knowing what each link does makes it much easier to talk to a specialist, and to know what to ask for.
The chain, in order
- Source. Where the music comes from.
- Conversion. Turning digital music into an analogue signal.
- Amplification. Making that signal strong enough to drive speakers.
- Speakers. Turning the signal into sound.
What does a DAC do?
A DAC, or digital-to-analogue converter, turns digital music into the analogue signal an amplifier can use. Every digital source needs one. Some are built into other equipment, and in high-end systems they are often separate boxes.
What is a streamer?
A streamer plays music from a network or an online service. It reads the digital music and passes it on, usually to a DAC. Some devices combine the streamer and the DAC.
Preamp and power amp
An amplifier makes the signal strong enough for speakers. Some systems use an integrated amplifier that does everything in one box. Others use a separate preamplifier, which selects the source and controls volume, and a power amplifier, which does the heavy lifting. You may hear this called "pre/power".
Turntables and phono stages
If you play vinyl, a turntable with a cartridge reads the record. A moving-coil cartridge needs a suitable phono stage, which boosts and corrects the signal. Check the cartridge and phono stage match.
Speakers
Speakers are where the system meets the room. They matter a great deal, and they work best when placed and matched with care. See our guide to building a system around your room.
What to ask a supplier
- How do these parts work together?
- Can I audition them, ideally in a room like mine?
- What is the warranty, and how do returns work?
How Tailyr helps
Describe what you want in your own words, and Tailyr talks through the options and, with your permission, introduces you to suppliers who hold it. See our high-end audio page and our glossary.
Equipment and availability vary by supplier. Verify details before you buy.
